The Australian Car Market Best Pricing Strategy

In this age, competition is becoming stiffer for companies and businesses. At the same time consumers are becoming more complex and aware of their rights and end up demanding for better services and products.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Australian Car Market Best Pricing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is therefore only one way that companies can survive in this market and this is by identifying and seizing opportunities as they occur. Companies are forming specific departments and employing highly qualified employees to scout and search for opportunities that will open doors for greater business potential that will translate to more profits and growth[1]. The leapfrog strategy is a strategy that is employed by those who know the importance of being the first mover and seizing opportunities before anyone else does. It is with the same spirit that aspiring entrepreneurs also scan the e nvironment for better opportunities that will allow them venture into business[2]. Businessmen and business executives don’t just wake up one morning and decide to pursue a given business line, they instead conduct research and use various models to arrive to that decision. Such models involved in environmental scanning may include, Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat Analysis (SWOT), Market opportunity analysis (MOA)[3], Portfolio Analysis which is suitable for existing product lines, and many more models. Such models are used to bring out clear what if situations which are combined with current situations to support strong business decisions. Venturing into business without any plan and particular understanding is similar to gambling therefore a lot of research and strategy is needed. Environmental scanning is the first step in identifying the kind of opportunities that exist in the market once such opportunities are identified, it is then that they can be evaluated and pursued with confidence[4]. Any organization or entrepreneur who wants the chunk of money that is available in the market must understand that there is the internal and external environment in business. The internal environment consists of values, culture and resources. While the external environment consists of more dynamic and unpredictable forces which must be well understood before carrying out any decisions.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Australian car market is on decline. A report by IBIS world Australian Research Company indicates that the automobile makers are having a rough time. Over the last five years, the automobile industry earnings’ are expected to reduce by up to 6.1% yearly to settle at $11.91 billion owing to hard economic times and other factors. The problems of car manufacturers are as a result of, more fuel-efficient and eco friendly vehicles owed to environmental concerns and the soaring cost of petrol that is gaining base amongst consumers. Consequently it is now a huge issue for local manufactures who have been concentrating on large high fuel consuming automobiles. Truck manufacturers have realized that consumers are starting to demand for automobiles that use cleaner fuel sources .There has also been a sharp decline in the sector of freight trucks which is not necessarily because of ecological concerns. The fall of demand in marketing does not translate to lack of business and opportunities it is through business reengineering and massive research that other business opportunities occur. Although current market trends and records by the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI) indicated that approximately 85,000 passenger cars, SUVs and commercial vehicles were sold in September, up by about 9 per cent on the same month of September last year. This Septembers automobile sales spiked up to shadow the previous highest September record sales which were last seen in 2005 nearly 600 units. As cited by (FCAI) â€Å"it is therefore encouraging for the participants of the automobile industry to witness that sales to private buyers recorded the largest increase this month by approximately 14% which is further a sign of renewed confidence in Australian automobile market†. Given this strong and renewed confidence in the Australian market it is expected that over 1 million cars will be sold this year as compared to the previous estimate of 980,000. According to the FCAI the Australian market has only managed to sell over one million cars in a given year only two times previously. The SUV section recorded the highest sales during September, with an increase of approximately 36% followed by passenger cars which were up by 3% and then light commercials vehicles which grew by 2%. Accordin to the (FCAI) website â€Å"Toyota was the top automobile selling company with sales of about 16,1 85 automobiles, with Holden managing 10,718 automobile units then, Mazda with a total of 8,850 units in September†. Starting from January to September 780,720 vehicles have been sold, which is a hike of 14.5 per cent compared to last year sales. It is therefore evident that although researchers and the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI) expected the industry not to do well in 2010 but the consumers have surprised them. This is especially good because the local motor industry is being overtaken by foreign automobile manufacturing companies’ especially Chinese manufacturers who seem to have favorable pricing strategies which seem appealing to locals.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Australian Car Market Best Pricing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, northern Territory ,Queensland ,South Australia ,Tasmania, Victoria, West ern Australia serve as Australia largest automobile sales territories with the Australian capital territory pushing almost 25,000 units monthly which is higher than any other region in Australia. It is therefore necessary to analyze the external environment critically and conduct an market opportunity analysis (MOA ) .will assist you understand were most viable opportunities are located in the industry[5]. The external environment consists of the immediate task environment which has the customers, competitors, government and its agencies, shareholders and other special groups which at the end of the day influence the magnitude and type of opportunities that exist in a given market. Apart from the task environment there is the societal environment which consists of legal forces, economic forces, political and social cultural which also at the same time shape the kind of opportunities that exist in a given industry; It is by fully understanding this forces that a given business entity can formulate a recipe of success. A market opportunity analysis (MOA) is carried out in the following way Appendix A: an illustration of how to conduct a market opportunity analysis. By understanding geographic, demographic, behavioral, psychographic and behavioral patterns of various market segments it is then that the company can tackle the issue of pursuing any opportunities with high accuracy [6]this model helps corporations recognize problems, gather information, evaluate the marketing needs of consumers in terms of product, place, pricing and promotion.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Plunknet research limited and other many automobile research institutions the global motor industry is showing the following trends the automobile Industry, global rivalry heats up between United States, German, Japanese, Chinese and Korean Car Makers. The issue of fuel efficiency becomes a vital element in the purchase of automobiles. Therefore hybrid cars such as the Prius are steadily gaining market share and there seems there is a new frontier that is opening up for electric cars. Many companies are therefore dedicating million of dollars to research on Lithium batteries and environmentally friendly diesel technology is gaining more popularity in automobile manufacturers. Research indicates that by outsourcing component design and sharing manufacturing resources such as is the case with BMW and Volkswagen will result to massive advantages. Automobile purchasers are relying on internet and web based purchasing modes rather than go to car dealerships. China and India have recorded record growth in automobile sales therefore attracting interest of the largest car makers in the world. Consumers are opting for safety and luxury car models, SUVs, Small Sedans and Crossovers leading to an expansion Market Share. People all over the world prefer SUV’S because they seem to be good family vehicles saving costs rather than having more than one car. With Holden, Toyota, Ford, and Mitsubishi being the largest automobile manufacturers and selling companies who move most units by selling SUV’s and Medium, Light/Small cars selling the best in all Australian territories according to Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI) this year and this quarter. It is expected that car sales will hit over one million units which has only happened twice to date it is therefore to realize that this are the major areas of opportunity in the Australian motor industry. It may therefore be difficult for Great wall motors to compete with existing competitors such as GM Holden, Toyota, Ford, and Mitsubishi which have been in the business for over half a century. The kind of trust and intangible brand value attached to these companies is massive, and in order to compete with them massive marketing campaigns and resources need to be put into place[7]. The total evaluation of the marketing facets of product, price, place, and promotion can demand to be reviewed in order to capture the attention of Australian consumers. According to porter’s generic model of competitive strategies companies can choose one of for competitive strategies these are cost leadership whereby a broad target market and low cost is implemented, secondly cost focus whereby a narrow market and a lower cost is pursued thirdly, differentiation were a larger market and product differentiation is pursued and lastly differentiation focus which the company implements a strategy of serving a narrow target market and high differentiation is involved. By following a diff erentiation strategy must have a lot of financial resources to provide unique and superior products as compared to its competitors[8]. A lower cost strategy is a strategy is a strategy where the company pursues a path which requires the company to efficiently produce its products as compared to its rivals to serve a wider scope, resulting to lower pricing. Great wall motors should pursue this strategy because the much bigger companies such as GM Holder, Toyota, and Ford seem have more resources financially and in terms of research and development and it may exhaust Great Wall resources. Having environmental concerns and pricing and fuel consumption as explained above, it is therefore this forces that should be the forces that should force the future strategies if Great wall Market for it to survive and make a killing in the Australian industry and global market, at the same time quality should be considered within the confines. The risks associated with cost leadership are that othe r competitors can easily imitate, and once the bases of cost leadership erode a company may find itself in trouble. Its biggest advantage is that it serves a wider and larger market. Claims are that the Australian motor industry is going down the tube because of the invasion of cheaper Chinese models; it is this statement that clearly shows that there is massive potential for Great wall motors. Great wall Motor industries should follow Stability strategy as it continues to venture into other areas of Australia and proceed with caution. Such a strategy reduces the amount of risk it faces but it should also expand the number of its dealership and have a good internet site were online ordering can occur and delivery can be hastened. Embarking on massive awareness campaigns[9] which involve advertising especially using opinion leaders, and well known and trusted Australians can offer your company new opportunities and broaden you market. If possible it is also good that the company form s strategic alliances with existing companies such as garages and financial institutions that will enhance its image as a well known and giant automobile manufacturer. Offering special packages to corporate and state department for purchases can help the company get massive awareness and boost its image as far as the Australian industry is concerned. Therefore in summary Great wall motors should concentrate on formulating the best pricing strategy that will capture a wider market, as compared to other top manufacturers who focus on their brand value and reputation. Bibliography Carsrud, AL, Brà ¤nnback, ME, Entrepreneurship: Illustrated edition, Greenwood Publishing Group, Melbourne, 2007. Francis, B, Customer Relationship Management, New York, NY, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009. Kotler, P, Keller, K, Marketing Management (13 edition), Prentice Hall, New York, NY, 2006. Locker, KO, Kienzler, DS, Business and administrative communication (9th edition), New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 201 0. Mathew A, Kaye, J, Simplified strategic planning, a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast, Chandler House Press, Worcester, MA, 2005. Paul, R, Customer Service: Career success Through Customer Loyalty, 4th edn, New York, NY, Prentice Hall, 2007. Porter M, Competitive advantage, illustrated edition, free press, Northampton, MA, 2004. Footnotes AL Carsrud, M, E, Brà ¤nnback, Entrepreneurship: Illustrated edition, Greenwood Publishing Group, Melbourne, 2007, p.87 Mathews A, J Kaye, Simplified strategic planning, a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast, Chandler House Press, Worcester, MA, 2005, p. 69 P Kotler, K Keller, Marketing Management, 13 edn, Prentice Hall, New York, NY, 2006, p. 90 A. Mathew, J Kaye, Simplified strategic planning, a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast, Chandler House Press, Worcester, MA, 2005, p. 48 P Kotler, K Keller, Marketing Management, 13 edn, Prentice Hall, New York, NY, 2006, p. 67 A Mat hew, J Kaye, Simplified strategic planning, a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast, Chandler House Press, Worcester, MA, 2005, p. 85 Mathew A, Kaye, J, Simplified strategic planning, a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast, Chandler House Press, Worcester, MA, 2005, p. 53 M Porter, Competitive advantage: illustrated edn, free press, Northampton, MA, 2004, p. 31 K O Locker, DS Kienzler, (2010), Business and administrative communication, 9th edn, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. This assessment on The Australian Car Market Best Pricing Strategy was written and submitted by user Giovanni F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Homelessness Concern In United States Essays

Homelessness Concern In United States Essays Homelessness Concern In United States Paper Homelessness Concern In United States Paper There are many problems that cause homelessness. One cause is because housing is unafordable to the poor people. Other causes include physical illness, mental illness, drug and alcohal abuse, people not working, poor work ethics, and bad education. Also, a big reason why homelessness is caused is because some of these people are lazy. Homeless people need help finding jobs, finding afordable housing, and help paying for the housing. A minority of the homeless is capable but unwilling to work. Many services try to help the homeless people but alot of the homeless are substant abusers and they recieve little help because all the money they get most likely will be spent on drugs and alchohal. However, they do get is clothes, transportation, and help with public benifits. Every night in the U. S. , about 750,000 people experience homelessness and 3. 5 million people experience homelessness for some period of time (days to months). There are many people who work every day of the week who do not make enough money to pay for rent and bills, not including money for food, healthcare, work clothes, school supplies and other needs. Over each year, millions of homeless people in the U. S. need important health cares services and most dont have any health insurance or the cash to pay for the medical care. Finding healthcare is a big challenge for the homeless people. There were about 3 million men, women, and children that were reported homeless in this past year. The homeless have trouble getting by with the little that they have. Services like SSI (Supplimental Security Income), Food Stamps, and TANF (welfare) have been trying to help this issue for years. Many of the people on the streets wont even accept any help so its hard to help the issue in some cases. Many people cant afford a place to live and homelessness has emerged as a major problem. Some people just need help earning money to pay rent, but others may require treatment for mental illnesses or substance abuse illnesses. Many people need child care so they can work or search for a job, or legal assistance to help them escape from domestic violence. A lot of people would also benefit from free adult education or job training programs.

Changes In History

Changes In History Essay In the historical process there have been many changes for the advancement of society. Greece, Europe, and Italy all went through radical changes. Their new styles and remarkable advances led them through the Classical and Renaissance periods. Greece was referred to as Classical Greece during the period of Greek history between 500 B.C.E and 338 B.C.E. This was considered to be a time of brilliant achievement. The Greek culture was certainly changed over this time. The History of the Persian Wars was a work that was considered the first piece if real history in Western Civilization. Many great historians came out of Greece during this time period. Thucydides was one of these great historians. One of his greatest achievements was the History of the Peloponnesian War. Another point to be made about Thucydides was his insight into the human condition. He stated, It will be enough for me, however, if those who want to understand clearly the events which happened in the past and which (human nature being what it is) will, at some time or another, and in much the same ways, be repeated in the future. Other changes came about in Greece during this time. The Greeks introduced drama. The origins remain to be unclear, but historians believe that it was developed from religious rituals. Tragedy was also intended to educate individuals as well as entertain them. Greek tragedies dealt with problems such as the nature of good and evil, the conflict between spiritual values, and the demands of the state or family, the nature of the divine forces, and the nature of human beings. The arts were also going through changes during the Classical Greece period. The standards established by the Greeks were dominated throughout the Western world. Classical Greek art usually portrayed human beings as the subjects and represented them as objects of great beauty.Greece was not the only place that went through changes. Europe went through a Renaissance period, or a rebirth of learning. Education was provided for the clergy and government officials. The strong will for learning led to a revival among the people. Compared to Greece, Europe did not undergo as many changes; education and the revival of classical studies were the mo st important. There was an attempt to assimilate and preserve Latin and early Christian culture. Monks were required to copy manuscripts. The practice of scriptoria was introduced during this time. Scriptoria, or writing rooms, were where monks copied the works of Christianity. The time period that was mostly associated with the idea of the rebirth was the Italian Renaissance. Some of the greatest advocates of the Renaissance culture were the popes. Pope Julius II patrolled the culture because he wanted to tear down the old basilica of Saint Peter and begin the construction of the new one in the Christendom.The Renaissance was also an age of recovery from the fourteenth century. Many practices were changed during the Renaissance period including literature, printing, education, and art. One of the greatest works was the Divine Comedy by Dante, which was about the souls progression into salvation. Another great author was Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote Canterbury Tales. This was a collection of stories about a group of pilgrims on their way to the tomb of Saint Thomas of Canterbury. Printing also flourished during this time. The newest development was moveable type, and because of this rapid change Johannes Gutenburg published the first book.Printing then became one of the largest industries in Europe. The humanist movement had a profound impact on education. They produced secondary schools based on their educational theory.A treatise titled Concerning Character was established during this time, stressing the importance of liberal arts. Finally one of Italys greatest changes came with art. During this time Leonardo da Vinci was thriving. The works of da Vinci, Raphael, and Michaelangelo dominated the High Renaissance. Leonardo represented a transitional figure into the shift to the High Renaissance. One of his most famous works was The Last Supper. Raphael tried to achieve an ideal of beauty in his work. He is well known for his Frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Michaelangelo was a man of all trades. Neopolatonism influenced him. This was evident in his figures in the Sistine Chapel.Changes and rebirth are evident in the Italian, Greek, and European cultures, although more prominent in some areas. Rebirth for many meant a new beginning and a new life. This flourishing time gave the p eople a feeling of great hope for what lied ahead. READ: Will this work EssayWords/ Pages : 800 / 24

The Pilot Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Pilot Program - Essay Example Which I did. The next chapter on Reproduction was suspect and I decided to refer it to the Board of Education. After careful and deliberate review they determined that the terminology, especially with respect to cell division, was too explicit for a 13-year-old. Chapter 7: 43 pages were removed. Parents were outraged that I had gutted the textbook. They had no clue as to what was missing. I told them I had removed the pages as the direct result of a request by the publisher. That seemed to placate them until they became curious about what had been removed. I demonstrated the conflicting views of the frog. I told them I was not a legal scholar, just the textbook coordinator, but was legally compelled to remove certain sections on constitutional grounds. The parents grew louder. I produced the missing pages from Chapter 6. They asked me what followed Evolution. I said "Reproduction and Primates." I showed them the picture of the friendly monkey. The monkey was smiling. This brought about a pleasant quiet across the wild and unruly crowd. There is just something about a smiling monkey. Now we were on common ground. I had to burn all 28 pilot textbooks. They were deemed unusable and the pilot program never got off the ground. The new pilot program in biology is a field trip.

The Time Machine- H.G. Wells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Time Machine- H.G. Wells - Essay Example The writer may have used the word â€Å" time traveler† in order to increase the readers’ interest in the story. The readers must have developed an urge to know who this time traveler is. For that reason the readers must have read the story till the end. H.G.Wells himself considers it convenient to name the protagonist as time traveler. In the initial lines of the novel the writer declares, â€Å" The Time Traveller(for it will be convenient to speak of him) was expounding a recondite matter to us† ( Wells 5). Another reason may be that the main priority of the writer may be the events of the story not the characters. Perhaps â€Å"Wells’ focus is on atmosphere and plot more than on character. Only three people in the book are given names (the narrator and the traveler not among them) and none are developed with any great psychological depth† ( Greenlee para 2). The writer has used generalized characters and has left the specific details omitted. He has used his characters as generalized symbols representing different aspects of his own

Education - Africa Essay Example for Free

Education Africa Essay Introduction In this essay I will discuss all the situational factors that formed the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in South Africa. The essay will critically discuss factors in detail regarding pre 1994 education. I will then give a conclusion on all the factors that influenced the educational reforms. The Soweto uprising in 1979 In 1979 there was a huge riot against the education act. The riot was about creating equal learning opportunities for everybody, black and coloured people rioted in the streets of Johannesburg because they were tired of being oppressed. While this was going on teachers lost the will to teach and learners lost the will to learn. Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T) Schools were closed, destroyed and sometimes even burnt down because of the inequalities of learning during this era. This made it very hard for students of â€Å"colour† to learn. Thus putting education for people of â€Å"colour† in a deep crisis. Students were upset with three major issues: the standard of education, the quality of teaching and finally the poor state of school buildings and equipment. These three issues made students not want to attend school and was a main cause to the Soweto uprising in 1976. The De Lange commission The De Lange commission was introduced in order to create a better education system, for example creating equal education opportunities for everybody. These were some of their suggestions: education must improve quality of life, must promote economic growth and education should be equal and available to every student regardless of their colour. The De Lange commission was considered by the HSRC and eleven points from the commission were put into place. The 1994 democratic elections In 1994 the first democratic elections took place, this is the first time that everybody was seen as equal, with equal rights and learning opportunities. People were also given the freedom to pick which languages they wanted to learn in, as well as have a choice on subjects they learnt. People were also given freedom of choice in other areas not only education and some of these choices are: freedom to vote, freedom to live where they want, freedom to marry between races and International sanctions, against South Africa, in sport and economics were lifted. Differences in schooling between the four different race groups Along almost any dimension of comparison, there have been, and are glaring inequalities between the four schooling systems in South Africa. This applies to teacher qualifications, teacher-pupil ratios, per capita funding, buildings, equipment, facilities, books, stationery and also to ‘results’ measured in terms of the proportions and levels of certificates awarded. Along these dimensions, â€Å"White’ schools are far better off than any of the others, and ‘Indian’ and ‘Coloured’ schools are better off than those for ‘Africans’. Schooling is compulsory for ‘Whites’, ‘Indians’ and ‘Coloureds’ but not for ‘Africans’. Which created unequal opportunities when it came to job opportunities. Curriculum during the apartheid era Curriculum development in South African education during the period of apartheid was controlled tightly from the centre. While theoretically, at least, each separate department had its own curriculum development and protocols, in reality curriculum formation in South Africa was dominated by committees attached to the white House of Assembly. So prescriptive was this system, controlled on the one hand by a network of inspectors and subject advisors and on the other hand by several generations of poorly qualified teachers, that had authority, controlled learning, and corporal punishment were the rule. These conditions were exacerbated in the impoverished environments of schools for children of colour. Examination criteria and procedures were instrumental in promoting the political perspectives of those in power and allowed teachers very little latitude to determine standards or to interpret the work of their students. The Bantu education act  The Bantu Education Act (No. 47) of 1953 widened the gaps in educational opportunities for different racial groups. The concept of racial purity, in particular, provided a rationalization for keeping black education inferior. Verwoerd, then minister of native affairs, said black Africans should be educated for their opportunities in life, and that there was no place for them above the level of certain forms of labour. The government also tightened its control over religious high schools by eliminating almost all financial aid, forcing many churches to sell their schools to the government or close them entirely. Christian national education(C. N. E) Christian National Education supported the NP program of apartheid by calling on educators to reinforce cultural diversity and to rely on mother-tongue instruction in the first years of primary school. This philosophy also exposed the idea that a persons social responsibilities and political opportunities are defined by that persons ethnic identity. The government also gave strong management control to the school boards, who were elected by the parents in each district. Official attitudes toward African education were paternalistic, based on segregation. Black education was not supposed to drain government resources away from white education. The number of schools for blacks increased during the 1960s, but their curriculum was designed to prepare children for menial jobs. Per-capita government spending on black education slipped to one-tenth of spending on whites in the 1970s. Black schools had inferior facilities, teachers, and textbooks. Conclusion In conclusion to the above essay there were many problems such as; Christian national education(C.N. E), The Bantu education act, Curriculum during the apartheid era, Differences in schooling between the four different race groups, The 1994 democratic elections, The De Lange commission, Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T)and The Soweto uprising in 1979. In all these situational factors that formed the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in South Africa, the 1994 democratic elections were put in place so that everyone had equal opportunity at everything; it was the main â€Å"turn around† point after the period of 1976-1994. I have discussed some of them in detail so that you can get a better understanding of the reforms that took place during the period of 1976-1994. Words: 1024 References 1. http://upetd. up. ac. za/thesis/available/etd-05062008-091259/unrestricted/02chapter2a. pdf 2. http://jae. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/5/849. abstract 3. http://newlearningonline. com/new-learning/chapter-5-learning-personalities/apartheid-education/ 4. http://www. nwu. ac. za/sites/default/files/files/p-saeduc/articles/2009articles/Teksversorg_23nov09_ODAV. pdf 5. http://www. mongabay. com/history/south_africa/south_africa-education_under_apartheid. html

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children, 2015

Child abuse in America is an ongoing problem and something needs to be done. There are approximately one million children abused annually in the United States. (Table 339) Cases of child abuse and neglect are reported every ten seconds, and researchers believe that there’s three times that amount that goes unnoticed. (Child Abuse: Know the Signs and Stop the Violence Against Children.) Something needs to be done for these children who are too weak and too powerless to help themselves. Children who have been abused are left with more than just physical scars. They have many psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems as well. Their social lives are affected dramatically, and they suffer lifelong effects. (Lambert) Children tend to be emotionally disturbed years after the abuse, many have IQ scores lower than average, and some have even been classified as mentally retarded. Children who have been abused also show signs of personality and neurological changes. (Oates 119) Sexual abuse has been linked to nightmares, bed wetting, sadness, clinging behavior, and anxiety. Children also showed more aggressive and anti-social behaviors. (Oates 127) Adults who were sexually abused are more prone to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and drug or alcohol problems. (Oates 132-133) Studies show overwhelming evidence of the effects abuse can have on a child, and the way the effects continue into their adult lives. (Oates 135) Speech is dramatically affected from abuse and neglect. Over one third of physically abused children have language delays. (Oates 119) All aspects of language are affected. Written and oral language is affected. The area that children tend to exhibit the most difficulties with is pragmatics. They tend to be l... ...g/topics/humanserv/child_abuse/ Layman, Richard. Child Abuse. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics Inc., 1991. Moses MD, Scott . "Child Abuse." Family Practice Notebook. 08 Sept 2007. Web. 18 Oct 2014. . Oates, R. Kim. The Spectrum of Child Abuse. 8. New York: Brunner/Mazel Inc., 1996. Palusci MD, MS, Vincent J.. "Shaken Baby/Shaken Impact Syndrome." Kids Health For Parents. August 2004. Nemours Foundation. Web. 18 Oct 2014. http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/medical/brain/shaken.html Santrock, John W. Educational Phycology. Third. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Lambert, Regina. Personal interview. Web. 13 Oct 2014. "Table 339. Child Abuse and Neglect Cases Substantiated and Indicated— Victim Characteristics: 2000 to 2008" Census Web. 18 Oct 2014. https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0339.pdf

Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate Health And Social Care Essay

BPH is thought to be caused by aging and by long-run testosterone and dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) production, although their precise functions are non wholly clear. Histopathologic grounds of BPH is present in about 8 % of work forces in their 4th decennary and in 90 % of work forces by their 9th decennary. Loss of testosterone early in life prevents the development of BPH. The similarities in presentation, pathological scrutiny findings, and symptoms of BPH among indistinguishable twins suggest a familial influence. The mean prostatic weighs about 20 gms by the 3rd decennary and remains comparatively changeless in size and weight unless BPH develops. The typical patient with BPH has a prostate that averages 33 gms while merely 4 % of the male population of all time develops prostates of 100 gms or more.6Classic symptoms of BPH include a slow, intermittent, or weak urinary watercourse ; the esthesis of uncomplete vesica voidance ; dual elimination ( the demand to invalidate within a few seconds or proceedingss of urinating ) ; postvoid dribble ; urinary frequence ; and nycturias. Patients may besides show with ague or chronic urinary keeping, urinary piece of land infections, gross haematuria, nephritic inadequacy, vesica hurting, a tangible abdominal mass, or overflow incontinence.7Upon physical scrutiny, the vesica may be tangible during the abdominal scrutiny and the prostate may be enlarged during the digital rectal scrutiny. Symptoms are non needfully relative to the size of the prostate on digital rectal scrutiny or transrectal ultrasound findings.8The transurethral resection of the prostate is a well safe process, and has efficaciously replaced unfastened prostatectomy in bulk of cases.9Various clinical manifestations produced due to the soaking up of big measures of watering fluid during endourological processs are together called as TURP Syndrome, though the syndrome is characteristically described during Trans urethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) in up to 20 % of patients.10TURP syndrome is characterized by dyspnea, sickness, high blood pressure, increased cardinal venous force per unit area, intellectual hydrops, cardiogenic daze and nephritic failure.11Dilutional hyponatremia, H2O poisoning and ammonium hydroxide toxicities have been postulated as the cause of TURP syndrome. Acute hyponatremia with blood Na concentration below 115-120meqL could be potentially serious to patient.12 Therefore, after reexamining literature and dire demand, the present survey was conducted at private infirmary of Hyderabad. The current survey focused on the hyponatremia during transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . This survey provides the cognition, thought and protocols that have an of import function in the direction parametric quantities of patient undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Patients AND METHODS: This cross sectional type descriptive survey was conducted at a private apparatus ( infirmary ) , Hyderabad and at third attention infirmary attached with Ghulam Muhammad Maher Medical College Sindh, Pakistan from June 2009 to November 2009. All patients above 45-75 old ages of age present with history of urinary frequence, urgency, urgency incontinency, invalidating at dark, weak urinary watercourse, hesitance, intermittence, through out-of-door patient section ( OPD ) of the infirmary, were diagnosed as benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP were evaluated and enrolled in the survey. The item history of all such patients was taken ; complete clinical scrutiny and everyday probe were performed. An informed consent was taken from all patients holding benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP. All such patients were assessed for serum Na degree preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively by taking 3cc venous blood sample and send to research lab for analysis. The fluctuation in the value of serum Na degree was estimated harmonizing to their parametric quantities and mention scope i.e. 135 mmol/L – 145 mmol/L ( normal ) , whereas the value & lt ; 135 mmol/L and & gt ; 145 mmol/L was considered as disturbed i.e. hyponatremia and hypernatremia, severally. The information was collected on pre-designed proforma. Sing ethical justification all the disbursals of this survey was paid by valuable part of whole research squad. The non concerted patients or who refused to take part in the survey, the patients who are already on diuretic therapy, the patients with diarrhoea or emesis, known instances of nephritic failure, congestive cardiac failure and liver cirrhosis were considered in exclusion standards. The informed consent was taken from every patient or from attender of patients after full account of process sing the survey, and all such manoeuvres were under medical moralss. The information was entere d, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. The mean and standard divergence was calculated for age and serum Na degree. The frequence and per centum of Na degree in TURP was besides calculated. The independent t trial was applied to compares the agencies of serum Na preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively at 95 % assurance interval and the P values a†°Ã‚ ¤ 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) is complicated by soaking up of irrigation fluid of about 1000 milliliter and on occasion 3000-5000 milliliter. This soaking up may ensue in hypervolaemia and serum electrolyte perturbations, clinically showing as the TURP-syndrome with neurologic and cardiovascular disturbances.14In our survey we identified hyponatremia in patients underwent for transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) and it is similar with the survey by Miyao et al.15Water poisoning with hyponatremia has been postulated as the primary cause for the generation of TURP syndrome. In present survey the important alteration in Na degrees was noted which was independent of the type of watering fluid ( 1.5 % glycine or unfertile H2O ) used for the process ; nevertheless Moskovitz et Al, demonstrates no any important electrolyte alterations when distilled H2O used for irrigation.16The safety for distilled H2O is besides reported by Shih et al,17 A survey by Norlen, et Al on â€Å" comparing between intermittent and uninterrupted transurethral resection of the prostate † besides have confirmed that more the tallness of fluid used larger is the fluctuation of Na levels.18Hahnaˆ? RG presented a new hypothesis that the soaking up of watering fluid into the blood during transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with diffusion of Na ions from the interstitial fluid infinite into the plasma, some of this Na is â€Å" trapped † and removed from the organic structure in connexion with hemorrhage and elimination of piss, the sum of at bay Na increased with the sum of blood lost and two tierces was trapped with the plasma loss and one-third with the osmotic diuresis. This mechanism contributes to the absolute loss of Na from the body.19The entire Na loss, nevertheless, histories for one tierce of the maximal hyponatraemia and is still dominated by the plasma-derived Na excreted during the glycine-induced osmotic diuresis. Th e consequences of survey by Shariat, et Al had slightly different presentation that no statistically important alterations were reported in the serum electrolytes, blood urea N, creatinine, and haematocrit and the most common complications were hypotension ( 8.3 % ) , high blood pressure ( 7.8 % ) , sickness ( 6.4 % ) , and purging ( 2.8 % ) . Hyponatremia, decreased haematocrit, and increased blood urea N / creatinine were seldom reported ( 2.5, 1.0, and 0.9 % , severally ) .20However, sing the complications our survey noticed high blood pressure in 14 ( 35 % ) patients, sickness in 28 ( 70 % ) patients, purging in 30 ( 75 % ) of patients and concern in 10 ( 25 % ) patients. It is really hard to avoid happening of electrolyte perturbation during TURP, the best bar could be obtained by following a right surgical technique. Procedures enduring for more than 60 proceedingss and prostate secretory organs weighing more than 60 gms could be associated with more complications. The present survey evaluated the serum electrolyte perturbations i.e. hyponatremia during TURP, the current survey open a forum of treatment and provides an initial reappraisal and alterations observed during TURP process. The survey should be continued in progress and drawn-out stage at different clinical apparatuss to supply more cognition sing electrolyte alterations during transurethral resection of the prostate. Decision: Our survey identified the lessening in serum Na degree ( hyponatremia ) during transurethral resection of the prostate and emphasized on appropriate step to forestall serious and fatal complications. The preoperative degrees of Na should be estimated and effectual steps should be made before taking up the patient for transurethral resection of the prostate.

The Bean Trees- Outsider

In The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, being an outsider is not just one main theme, but it is one theme that is reoccurring throughout the whole book. When someone is an outsider, they are different from everyone else, and somewhat stand out. Right off the bat, outsiders don't fit into commonly used stereotypes. Kingsolver uses Taylor, Turtle, Esperanza, and Estevan to portray this theme. Taylor is an outsider because she is just not a typical girl. Unlike many other girls in her town, Taylor does not want to become pregnant. In fact, she wants to graduate from high-school, or at least intended to, and wants to have a good future.Even though Taylor doesn't want to get pregnant, she gets stuck with being a mother anyways. Taylor travels to find a more meaningful life, but she still feel like she doesn't fit in, or even belong. Because Taylor doesn't share any specific ‘bond' with anyone, she is an outsider. Later on in the novel, she meets Esperanza and Estevan, who share com mon values as her. Turtle, Taylor's adoptive daughter is as well an outsider. As Turtle was abused, she suffers to be an outsiders to her own body. Because of this, Turtle will never develop mentally as quick as other children her age. For the first half of The Bean Trees, Turtle is silent.She cannot communicate with others, as her own words are trapped inside of her body, causing her to be an outsider from the ones who love and surround her. Kingsolver converts the message that many different barriers can cause people to become outsiders, as Turtle's is a language barrier. When turtle finally overcomes these barriers and finds someone who shares common strengths and weaknesses, she is finally an insider. Esperanza is living in a country where she is not welcomes because of her culture. She was forced to give up her own child, and does not express herself because of a language barrier.Everyday, she lives holding her emotions inside, feeling as an outsider, thinking she doesn't even belong here, which eventually bottles up, and leads her to try and kill herself. Although she is married, she is still missing a puzzle piece, her daughter. Estevan is clearly an outsider, as well is his wife, Esperanza, because they are immigrants. Estevan is used to all of the hate against immigrants, and he becomes accustomed to being an outsider. Estevan states â€Å"What I really hate is not belonging in any place. To be unwanted everywhere. † Conveying these thoughts, Estevan believes him nor his wife, Esperanza, have a place in society.Later in the novel, Taylor, Esperanza, and Estevan become insiders as they find outsiders who they share common morals and bonds with. In life, everyone has numerous obstacles and barriers they think they may never overcome, but once they do, they are finally able to communicate to the world and create friendships with people who have similar interests. When everyone comes together as a family, each and every person is finally appreciate d for every attribute that makes them unique. Being an outsider is not particularly a bad thing, as it might just be what keeps one human and especially different from everyone else.

Compare and contrast the ways in which Owen and Sassoon present images of suffering and death in Exposure and The Hero Essays

Compare and contrast the ways in which Owen and Sassoon present images of suffering and death in Exposure and The Hero Essays Compare and contrast the ways in which Owen and Sassoon present images of suffering and death in Exposure and The Hero Essay Compare and contrast the ways in which Owen and Sassoon present images of suffering and death in Exposure and The Hero Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Owen and Sassoon are both famous poets, who wrote their poems during and about the First World War. Wilfred Owen was very descriptive poet, who wrote in great details about all that he saw, using much poetic and flowing language. Siegfried Sassoon however was very cynical about the people running the war, and could not see a point in all the death going on all around. However, they both fought in the war and since they should have many experiences of war in common, their poems should surely have very common themes and views, and those should be typical of the time. However, after examining the poems closely, one can determine that there are a great amount of differences between the two poems. In Exposure, Owen uses much descriptive language to allow the reader to perfectly understand and almost feel the suffering that is going on in this war. He describes the wind as iced and knifing, which in itself would be painful; he personifies the wind to a point, because it is stabbing him, and only humans can do that. The suffering and pain that is going on will not and cannot stop, since in the distance, incessantly, the flickering gunnery rumbles. Owen seems to convey a sense of misery and hopelessness upon the whole situation. He even makes the morning sound miserable, since normally dawn means a fresh start, new beginnings, new hope; whereas here, dawn is simply a bringer of poignant misery. This emotion is quite sharp, stinging and painful. Owen also manages to separate war from everyday life, because the soldiers no longer know what is happening elsewhere: We only know war lasts, rain soaks, and clouds sag stormy. The use of the word sag seems to indicate gloominess and almost apathy, as if the clouds could no longer care to hold themselves in shape. Even the enemy (which in this case is the start of a new day which has been personified) is melancholy; everyone is suffering, there is no point to this war. If both sides are suffering, he seems to say, why should they both continue to go through this misery? Finally, to end the isolation felt by all, and to finalise the general amount of suffering and isolation that is being experience, Owen says that the love of God seems dying. The situation cannot get more desperate, and yet, in their hour of need, no help comes, and the desolation and pain just continues. However, in The Hero, suffering and pain is portrayed quite differently. Since the subject matter is completely different, the reasons and methods of portraying pain obviously differ. This poem is much more cynical in comparison to Exposure, because here the only suffering that is endured is purely due to second hand relation of news. The mothers voice is described as tired, perhaps because she has been completely drained by the news that her son is dead. Tired here seems to indicate that she has had enough. The anguish that she is going through comes out more with her voice that quavered to a choke. Quavering describes the voice almost wobbling, perhaps due to the mother crying, and the fact that it went to a choke shows how much this news has affected her. She tails off involuntarily, and is obviously choked and so overpowered by her grief that she cannot continue talking. This section of the poem describes her grief very delicately, like how Owen describes the elements of nature v ery carefully in Exposure. However, once we get to the third stanza, we find out the main truth of what happened to Jack, and the poem suddenly becomes very critical of authority, and it also becomes generally callous overall. Normally, one does not insult the memory of the dead, but here, the Brother Officer thinks about Jack in blunt terms; not softening the memory of his death at all, but just casually thinking what he thought at the time. The way he calls Jack a useless swine demonstrates this perfectly, swine highlighting how low his opinion was of Jack whilst he was still alive. He also calls him, although not out loud, cold-footed, showing how cowardly he was. Perhaps the insults were because Jack could simply not stand the suffering in the trenches however, since the Brother Officer doesnt think like that, the reader is still exposed to his criticism. This is completely unlike how Owen describes suffering, with great detail and much description; Sassoon just goes straight to the point. In both poems, there are also many mentions of death as a theme, and death is so final, that surely there should be only one way to describe it. However, since Owen and Sassoon have very differing views, the ways in which they portray death are very different. Wilfred Owen has many mentions of death in the final few stanzas of Exposure, whereas The Hero has many mentions of death throughout the poem, since the whole poem is referring to the death of Jack. In Exposure, Owen makes various mentions of death, which adds to the overall gloom and almost apprehension of what is to come throughout the poem. The narrator is sure that death is near: - Is it that we are dying?. You could also interpret snow-dazed as being close to death, since the soldiers are almost paralysed by the cold, which comes as such a shock that they are almost hypnotised and lose all their knowledge of what is going on around them. Again, Owen reinforces this with sun-dozed, which seems to imply that the soldiers are just lying on the ground, looking at the sun. He calls the soldiers drowsing- perhaps because they are close to death. The reminiscence that occurs in stanza 6 could be introspection and vision of their past before death. Our ghosts drag home: the very word drag shows how tired the soldiers are in life, and how much they want to be resting, preferably at home. The final mention of death is at the very end of the poem, in the final stanza, where many soldiers and in a way the narrator are described as being dead by the end of the evening. This shows in how Owen describes the frost as being fastened on the people, and the frost damages the bodies. Shrivelling many hands and the use of the word shrivelling really brings home the reality of death, but yet again, it is described in a very detailed, descriptive way. And finally, the bodies are removed by the burying-party, who pause over half-known faces. The dead were once alive and known by the living, but now that is gone. Finally, part of the very final line is the most haunting of all: all their eyes are ice, describing the burying-party, people who are still living, but yet are almost dead at the same time. Sassoon on the other hand in this case gives neither any dignity to the dead, nor to the Brother Officer who holds no respect for Jack. The way that Sassoon describes his death is very short, blunt and straight to the point: Blown to small bits. No mention of him even being human once, no long descriptive words; instead he is almost de-personified by the bluntness and the lack of caring that is shown to his death by anyone except his mother. Apathy seems to be a common theme here with Exposure, since the burying-party do not show much respect towards these dead, because they have seen so many. They no longer care about the matter of death, and neither does the Brother Officer. The fact that only Jacks mother cares about his death is quite poignant, and it does give a sense that there were so many casualties that people became immune to feeling suffering about death after a while. There are few similarities between these poems, but many differences. This is unexpected, since both poems are written at the same time about the same war, yet ultimately it is the personality and personal views of the author that influences what is written about.

Blood Flow and cardiovascular Disease, non lipid cardiovascular risk Essay

Blood Flow and cardiovascular Disease, non lipid cardiovascular risk factors - Essay Example Blood, returning to the heart from all over the body, flows into the right atrium. The blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle, which in turn pump it out to the lungs for oxygenation. Then the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium. From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood flows into the left ventricle which pumps the oxygen-rich blood into the arteries. Pumping or contraction of the left ventricle should be very powerful to keep flowing of the blood throughout the whole body. The strength of the heart muscle depends on the oxygen and nutrient supply coming from the coronary arteries. The walls of these arteries are strong, elastic and flexible. The heart muscle is supplied by three major coronary arteries. Two of them arise from a common stem, called the left coronary artery which supplies the left side of the heart. It divides into left anterior descending branch which supplies the front part of the heart, and the left circumflex branch which supplies the left lateral and back side of the heart. The right coronary is separate and supplies the right and the bottom parts of the heart. The inner layer of the coronary arteries is quite smooth allowing blood to flow easily. With aging, cholesterol and calcium content in the walls of the coronary arteries increases, making them thickened and less elastic. The prolonged effect of risk factors with the consequence of aging, damage of the inner layer of the arteries becomes predominant, especially in the coronaries. This change is called atherosclerosis which is a progressive hardening of the arteries caused by the deposit of fatty plaques and the scarring and thickening of the artery wall. Inflammation of the artery wall and the development of blood clots can obstruct blood flow and cause heart attacks or strokes.[1]Nieminen and colleagues concluded that coronary artery disease is a major cause of heart failure.[4]The deposits or plaques may increase in size and block the arteries. If

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Communication in Economics - Essay Example It warned about its rampant inflation, unemployment, high rates of interests and soaring poverty. It feared that economy would worsen and collapse in the absence of strong and effective measures. The interest rate was on a record of seventy percentages in year 2005 while the inflation was more than three hundred and fifty percentage. This indicates the poor condition of economy of Zimbabwe. The International Monetary Fund warns that Zimbabwes gross domestic product will likely shrink another seven percent this year. In addition, some economists predict that by years end inflation could reach 1,000%. (Franceschi, 2005) Companies are shutting down, unemployment is increasing and there is shortage of food. The productivity has decreased. This resulted in various social problems like increase in crime rate, illegal immigration to other countries, increased corruption and many others. There are various political, economic and social reasons of Zimbabwe’s economic crisis. These range from leadership to corruption within the society. The causes of the country’s economic distress are as follows: â€Å"Among the problems most often cited are Mr. Mugabes land re-distribution policies, endemic corruption, the absence of the rule of law and Zimbabwes involvement in Congos civil war.† (Franceschi, 2005) There has been fuel shortage that influenced the industries adversely. The shortage of fuels has direct impact on the productivity and transport. It also affected the employment sector. The shortage of fuel has an impact on employment sector as well. It resulted in unemployment of many. The expenditure in government activities is suffering with unscrupulous spending and corruption. Government is ignoring the need to control the state expenses. The supply of currency within the economy is high. This is resulting in decrease in the value of currency. One of the important issues resulting in economic crisis is decrease in the level of foreign direct