Culture of Conflict in the Philippines

Culture of Conflict in the Philippines The markers of globalisation such as the imperatives of economic liberalisation, fiscal reform, and migratory flows, which is one of tidal waves of global information, have restructured social relations existing all over the world. Even though the globalisation has been called as an integrating force, cultural conflicts have presently become the most rampant and widespread form of international violence as globalisation has accelerated (Crawford, n.d.). Undoubtedly, it is said that members of any kind of culture can hold varying degrees of commitments towards the predominant values of such culture, however being in opposition to such cultural values can set the stage for cultural conflicts. A situation similar to above can clearly be seen by examining the continuing cultural conflict that the government of Philippines have with armed communist as well as Islamic insurgent groups, which has been developed through the international interventions (Peleo, 2007). Philippines has a long history of cultural conflict, with armed groups that mainly consist of Muslim separatists, clan militias, and communists, and criminal all of which are active in the country (BBC 2012). The Muslim separatists comprises the MNLF (Moro National Liberation Front), the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) and the Abu Sayyaf. The Abu Sayyaf and The MILF are breakaway groups of the MNLF (BBC 2012). On the other hand, the communist insurgency is propagated by the CPP (Communist Party of the Philippines) military wing, the NPA (New Peoples Army). Since the beginning of the communist insurgency in 1960s, the government of Philippines has persistently fought with the benefit of its superior equipments, training, as well as communications. However, the government failed to resolve the conflicts mainly owing to its failure of addressing the root causes of the communist insurgency such as the social injustice, imperfect democratic process, inequitable distribution of wealth, and inconsistent delivery of services etc (Peleo, 2007). The Muslim insurgency can similarly be regarded in an ambiguous way. In contrast to the communist insurgency, this movement had not determined to replace the national government through a revolution. Accordingly, the insurgency of the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) took a secessionist form with the intention of establishing a Muslim state in the areas of southern Philippine island of Mindanao. The ongoing struggle between the Philippine government and the communist as well as Muslim guerrillas has the emergence of limited internal conflicts (Brown, 1996) that may be solved yet through negotiations and stricter law enforcements. However, the formal peace talks amongst and the insurgent representatives and the government began in the 1970s and keep on until today have yet to present a final ending to the armed cultural conflict. This conflict spreads through all aspects of Philippine governance Political and security (Peleo, 2007) and both the insurgents and the government have denounced each other since the cause of the slow development of the country. Furthermore, since the 1970s, the insurgents and the government have sought to boost international involvements in a domestic’ political conflict. Nevertheless, it can be note that the international support, recognition, as well as financial and material aid gained by the government as well as by the Muslim and communi st insurgencies have not significantly diminished the hostility amongst the insurgents and Philippines government. Rather, the promise of such international aids for domestics’ cultural conflicts appears to both parties as a means of gaining military advantage sand coercive political leverage. The evidences as to the international influences on cultural conflicts in many countries existing in the world demonstrate that such international influences have not completely been effective in successfully avoiding or mitigating such cultural conflicts. In particular, Philippine insurgents have mainly been persuaded by the supposition that the foreign governments continue to and directly influence the Philippines governance (Peleo, 2007). In other words, the decisions of beginning, intensifying, reducing, or ceasing armed resistance have been encouraged by insurgents’ perceptions towards international supports for efforts of the national government for the anti-insurgent. Throughout history, the Philippines governments have all the time deferred to foreign states’ decisions on a wide range of social, political, and economic issues. Especially, much of political culture of Philippines is able to be attributed to a variety of foreign influences. For instance, the Phili ppines country was a colony of Spain during the 16th century to the late 19th century and was redeveloped subsequently as a commonwealth by the US until 1935. It was also occupied by Japan during the period of 2nd World War, and after its liberation, the country was aligned with the US till the end of the Cold War. Filipino insurgent groups were active throughout these periods, and opposed not only foreign occupations but also the Filipinos who were said to be perceived as having gained the government office through foreign endorsements. The European Union and the United State have alleged that the local insurgent groups in Philippines have expanded their capabilities and are regarded as the foreign terrorist organizations. These allegations, which were made from the perspective of the global war on terror, indicate that Philippine insurgents constitute a security threat not only for the government of Philippine but also for the US, the EU, and other foreign governments around the world. Accordingly, this renewed international interest in the insurgent conflict in the Philippine and provides evidences to the insurgents’ durability and the continuing appeal as to the idea of resistance towards a collaborationist government (Peleo, 2007). According to Reuters (2014) Muslim rebels in Philippines, on 27th May 2014 has signed a final peace negotiation, to end the conflict together with the international supports from countries including the United State. However, as far as above facts pertaining to the continuity of cultural conflicts in Philippines are concerned, this peace deal does not seems to work in long run since potential threats as to lasting peace will remain, ranging from a small breakaway of MILF faction to criminal groups, Islamist militants connected to al Qaeda as well as feuding clans (Reuters 2014). Moreover, the sustainability of peace talks between the Philippines government and insurgents may vary with the current government reactions and political stability of the country. In view of the above, it can be identified that a proper mechanism that goes beyond the peace talks is required for Philippines to cope with its cultural conflicts with various insurgents. Otherwise, it will be difficult to reduce the implications of such cultural conflicts that were exercising by people such as cultural and religion division, barriers in building care and trust for people, the continuity of culture of violence, and exposure to an environment of armed conflict together with a violent family feuds, poor access to health, education and social services (Sumndad-Usman, 2014), all of which eventually lead people to suffer and turn into rebels or bandits. Hence, it is prudent for the Philippines government to specifically admit to the systemic weaknesses within its governing regime which can motivate insurgents to resist. The government may need to sacrifice its privileged position as the victim of the insurgents’ security threats so that it can concede the legitimacy of grievance of insurgents. Although, this course of action may carries political risk to a certain extent, in particular for the government of a small state depending on a big-power state for the security, such confidence-building measure can ultimately convince both the insurgents as well as the government and that their interests are served by eliminating armed conflicts from political interactions, and by ruling out foreign influences on national governance and security issues. References Peleo, A. (2007), Living with a Culture of Conflict: Insurgency and the Philippines, Retrieved from: http://www.politicalperspectives.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/CIP-2007-01-04.pdf, (Accessed on 30th September 2014) Crawford, B. (n.d.), Globalization and Cultural Conflict: An Institutional Approach, Retrieved from: http://aannaim.law.emory.edu/ihr/worddocs/jamail1.doc, (Accessed on 1st October 2014) BBC (8 October 2012), Guide to the Philippines conflict, Retrieved from: www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17038024, (Accessed on 2nd October 2014) Sumndad-Usman, B. R.(25 July 2014), Building a Culture of Peace in the Philippines and Beyond, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bai-rohaniza-sumndadusman/building-a-culture-of-pea_b_5529494.html, (Accessed on 2nd October 2014) Reuters (27 March 2014), Philippines, Muslim rebels sign final peace deal to end conflict, Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/27/us-philippines-rebels-idUSBREA2Q1W220140327, (Accessed on 2nd October 2014)

Internet and relationship

The word â€Å"dating† and â€Å"relationship† differs a lot from old times and now. Technology made a huge difference of the comprehension of â€Å"hookups†, â€Å"friends†, and â€Å"friends with benefits†. Internet, cell phones, blobs, and many other resources changed the way teenagers think about the opposite sex or the same sex as well. Relationships turned out to be â€Å"the old fashion† and hookups are the best. First, relationships aren't that serious anymore. Teens are looking for something new, meeting sexual, something to turn them on.Backbone is one of the most used sites in these days; it connects you to the world and let you meet a new different type of people worldwide. â€Å"Backbone is the most useful tool for dating since the invention of the box of chocolates. It may also be the most dangerous threat to dating since bad breath† (Fox, Stuart). This generation mostly thinks about hooking up with hot guys, pretty girls , kissing, having sex, hugging, and flirting. Through internet, two people can do a lot, they can chat, video cam, talk privately; meet new people and a lot more.Internet is not proper sometimes. A lot of websites and blobs are influencing teenagers to do bad stuff or to rush into things before its time. Backbone, Namespace, twitter, and many other social network websites aren't private anymore. Anyone knows about you, what you like and don't, your relationship status, and what you are looking for. â€Å"With social networking sites, with Backbone, if you click that you're in a relationship, it [notifies] everyone that you're in a relationship. Its public broadcasting, this isn't part of a good relationship† (Fox, Stuart).Dating isn't about love at first site, or waiting by her house. It is not about emotions anymore, it's only about what a girl or a guy wants. They want something new, something to talk about or feel proud. â€Å"Social networking has created an array of new dating rules, making the old style â€Å"wait three days before calling† seem quaint by comparison† (Fox, Stuart). As for me, I see that this kind of relationships and the affection of the internet use is a problematic situation. Teenagers Just want to do what other people are doing whether it is right or wrong.They Just don't want to be losers, so they adapt and do what their peers do. They hookup, do random sex, flirt, and that's it. Nobody cares about each other feeling as long as you are getting what you want, everyone benefits from everyone. Finally, internet has played a big role not only in the teenager's world but in everyone's world. Time has changed; technology is getting better year after year. â€Å"Relationships† are now an old fashion way to go out with a guy/girl and in the end someone's heart is going to be broken.Hooking up won't get anyone's heart tear apart, it is Just you do what you want to with no limits or rules as long as in the end they are Just called â€Å"friends†. Work cited Fox, Stuart. â€Å"Backbone adds new perils to ritual of dating†. Manic Cot 2. Web Cot 4. Definitions: Most of teenagers who engage in hookups still worry about being discreet. Discreet: having or showing discernment or good Judgment in conduct and especially in speech: prudent; especially: capable of preserving prudent silence. Tall and lanky Lanky: tall and lean, or long and slender: often used to suggest awkwardness in appearance or gait.

James Madison The Founding Father Of Our Nation

President James Madison Thesis: Even though James Madison faced opposition from the Anti-Federalists over the Constitution, his political convictions acquired in his early years in Virginia strengthened his arguments and led to the adoption of the Constitution, his two-term presidency, and his title as a founding father of our nation. Summary: James Madison was born in Virginia to wealthy planters, and owners of Montpelier plantation (Broadwater 1). Madison’s love of books led him to pursue an education at Princeton (3). His eagerness to learn allowed him to complete college within two years, and made him â€Å"one of the best-educated† of the nation’s founding fathers (3). His prominent family and education were rare during this time in America, and thrust him into a leadership role (7). Madison’s ambition and intellect were admired, and earned him his first elected position on a committee in Orange County, Virginia in 1774 (7). His experience and reputation led to his elected position in 1776 as a delegate for the constitutional conventions in Williamsburg (8). His first task was to create a â€Å"new constitution and a bill of rights for Virginia† on a committee which included George Mason (8). Madison’s experiences in drafting the Virginia Constitution broadened his vision of individual liberties and rights (9). Madison showed a persistence for protecting these rights, and his talents flowed in the drafting the Constitution (9). As a result of the effectiveness of Madison’sShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington, John Adams, And Thomas Jefferson1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthree of the most well-known Founding Fathers. Yes, they have their reasons to be because each one of them have numerous achievements and have accomplished many things that others have not. But one Founding Father often over looked, and not just because he stands five feet four inches tall, is James Madison. With all due respect, James Madison has accomplishments that stand just as well against the test of time. James Madison to me is one of the most important Founding Fathers. Please allow me to explainRead MoreThe Contributions Of James Madison1383 Words   |  6 Pages45 presidents with our current president being Donald Trump and the first president we had in 1789 was George Washington. Despite all the presidents that we have had in the past, one of them that stands out a lot the most due to his contributions that he did to America, th at person is our fourth president James Madison. James Madison was certainly, one of the smartest and thoughtful presidents, James Madison set the most important precedent in United State history. James Madison served as the presidentRead MoreHamilton Madisons Role in the First American Political Parties778 Words   |  4 PagesThe role Alexander Hamilton and James Madison played on the first political parties. 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Their faces are dispersed all across America, ranging from coast to coast, with the obelisk of the Washington Monument on the east coast to Mount Rushmore on the north border of the United States to our everyday money; the founding fathers are quite prevalent in our society. AlexanderRead MoreThe Necessity Of The Separation Between Church And State2039 Words   |  9 Pagesbetween Church and State Our current president, George W. Bush, is known for being religious. He has been quoted saying that â€Å"God told [him] to strike at al Qaeda,† and â€Å"God want[ed] [him] to run for President.† He has called the war on terrorism a â€Å"crusade.† When he was the governor of Texas, he created a state-wide â€Å"Jesus Day.† In 2001, he talked of the â€Å"bridge between church and state† (â€Å"Big List of George W Bush Quotes†). The problem? He is tampering with our nation’s history. He is destroying

Breast Cancer Essay - 1298 Words

Breast Cancer There is a large amount of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer every day but they usually do not know a lot about it in terms of how it forms and the many ways it can be treated. Breast cancer is a very serious disease that shouldn’t be taken lightly; if it is left untreated it can spread to other organs and eventually kill you. Even if you do not have breast cancer, chances are that you know or will know someone who will get it, so it is imperative that people understand how breast cancer forms, know the stages of breast cancer, be familiar with who gets breast cancer and how you can possibly avert it, and understand all of the different ways to treat the cancer and prevent it from coming back. Breast†¦show more content†¦Benign tumors grow less rapidly and are not a threat unless it continues to grow, and then the tumor must be removed. According to the American Cancer Society the second leading cause of death in America among women is breast cancer. 175,000 women and 1,300 men in America die in a year from this type of cancer; thankfully because of modern medicine this number is declining. There are various stages of breast cancer. Stage zero means that there isn’t any indication of cancer cells that have penetrated or attacked adjacent normal cell tissue. This stage best describes non-invasive breast cancer. Stage one on the other hand better illustrates invasive breast cancer; that means that the cancer cells have actually broken through and have begun invading some of the adjacent normal cell tissue. Tumors in this stage measure up to about two centimeters; the lymph nodes are not involved in the spreading of the cancer. Stage two of breast cancer is also an invasive form of cancer; in this stage the tumor has grown to at least 2 centimeters and is no more than five centimeters big. The cancer has metastasized to the lymph nodes under the armpit on the side of the tumor, but the lymph nodes have not yet stuck together or affected surrounding tissues. Stage three can be divided into two different categories. They are both invasive, but the first one describes a tumor that is larger than fiveShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer And Cancer Prevention2347 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Statistics indicate that breast cancer-related complications are among the top causes of death among women for over 23% of all women’s deaths in the world (Donepudi et al., 2014). The great cases of breast cancer are attributed to lack of information on and hard data on the disease, especially on early diagnosis and treatment options. 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Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer gr owth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. 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